Last reviewed: September 2026
What is non-verbal reasoning?
Non-verbal reasoning is the ability to solve problems using shapes, diagrams and visual patterns rather than written language. In 11+ preparation, pupils may need to identify a rule, compare figures, complete a sequence or visualise how a shape changes when it is rotated, reflected, folded or viewed from another position.
Is non-verbal reasoning part of the Redbridge 11+?
Yes. Redbridge Council’s current admissions information states that the Redbridge 11+ uses GL Assessment-style papers: Mathematics and Non-Verbal Reasoning are combined in one paper, while English and Verbal Reasoning are combined in the other. Families should check the current Redbridge Council 11+ guidance for the latest arrangements and dates.
Common non-verbal and spatial-reasoning question types
Sequences and matrices
Identify how position, number, shading, direction or shape changes, then choose the missing figure.
Analogies and classifications
Work out how one figure changes into another or decide which shape does not follow the same rule.
Rotations and reflections
Recognise a figure after it has turned or been reflected while ignoring distracting changes.
3D and spatial reasoning
Visualise cube nets, folded shapes, plan views, bird’s-eye or top-down views and compound shapes from different positions.
What is the difference between non-verbal and spatial reasoning?
Non-verbal reasoning is the wider category of solving visual problems. Spatial reasoning focuses more specifically on mentally moving, rotating, folding or viewing two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. The terms sometimes overlap in 11+ resources, so the most useful approach is to check the actual question types included in the relevant test or practice material.
How should a child prepare?
- Learn the question type. Understand what can change: position, direction, size, number, shading or shape.
- Describe the rule. Encourage the child to explain why an answer works rather than relying on a guess.
- Compare one feature at a time. This makes complex patterns easier to analyse.
- Use physical models where helpful. Paper nets or blocks can make folds, rotations and viewpoints easier to understand.
- Add timing gradually. Accuracy and method should come before speed, followed by timed practice and 11+ mock exams when appropriate.
Practice can build familiarity and strategy, but no book, worksheet or course can guarantee an 11+ result.
Free resources and Redbridge Publishing books
Free worksheets
Use our free 11+ reasoning resources to practise selected verbal, non-verbal and spatial skills.
3D and spatial practice
Explore 3D and Spatial Reasoning Papers, including visualisation skills used in nets and viewpoints.
Non-verbal practice
See Redbridge Publishing’s Non-Verbal Reasoning Book 2.
Related skill
Compare this visual subject with our 11+ verbal reasoning guide.
Frequently asked questions
Are plan views and bird’s-eye views the same idea?
Both describe looking at an object or arrangement from above. “Plan view”, “bird’s-eye view” and “top-down view” may be used in slightly different teaching contexts, but they all require the pupil to interpret a view from overhead.
What are compound shapes?
Compound shapes are larger figures made by joining simpler shapes. A reasoning question may ask pupils to identify their components, compare arrangements or visualise how the figure changes.
What are cube nets?
A cube net is a flat arrangement of six squares that can be folded to form a cube. Questions may ask which net will work or which faces become opposite or adjacent.
Get help with 11+ preparation
Redbridge Tuition teaches small 11+ groups at Loughton and Seven Kings, Ilford. Use the Classes form to find a programme or request a free trial at your preferred centre. You can also watch educational content on the Redbridge Tuition YouTube channel.
